Container Freight Common sense (1)
Date: 2024-09-14
Containers are widely used in the transportation of import and export goods, the following is some common sense about container freight:
1. container
The so-called container refers to a large loading container with certain strength, stiffness and specifications for turnover. The use of container transport goods, can be loaded directly in the shipper's warehouse, shipped to the consignee's warehouse unloading, halfway to change the car, ship, without taking out the goods from the box for loading. According to the type of goods loaded, there are general cargo containers, bulk cargo containers, liquid cargo containers, reefer containers, etc. According to the manufacturing materials, there are wood containers, steel containers, aluminum alloy containers, glass steel containers, stainless steel containers, etc. According to the structure, there are folding containers, fixed containers, etc., in the fixed container can also be divided into closed containers, open top containers, plate frame containers, etc.; According to the total weight, there are 30 tons of containers, 20 tons of containers, 10 tons of containers, 5 tons of containers, 2.5 tons of containers.
2. Outside the container (container size 'soverallexternaldimensions)
The maximum length, width and height of the container exterior, including the permanent accessories of the container. It is the main parameter to determine whether the container can be changed between the ship, chassis, freight car and railway vehicle. It is an important technical data that all transportation departments must master.
3. container's Internaldimensions
Maximum length, width, and height dimensions inside a container. The height is the distance from the bottom panel to the bottom of the top panel, the width is the distance between the two inner lining panels, and the length is the distance between the inner panel of the door and the end wall lining panel. It determines the maximum size of the container and the contents of the container.
4. container'sunobstructedcapacity
The loading capacity calculated by the dimensions inside the container. The same specification of containers, due to the difference in structure and manufacturing materials, its internal volume is slightly different. Container content volume is an important technical data that the material department or other packers must master.
5.Container calculation units (twenty-feetequivalentunits)
Also known as 20-foot conversion unit, it is a conversion unit for calculating the number of container boxes. At present, most container transportation in various countries uses two kinds of containers, 20 feet and 40 feet long. In order to unify the calculation of the number of containers, the 20-foot container is taken as one unit of calculation, and the 40-foot container is taken as two units of calculation to facilitate the unified calculation of the operating volume of containers.
6. containerleasing
That is, a business in which the owner rents empty boxes to users. The owner of the container is the leasing party of the container, and the user, generally the shipping company or the owner of the cargo, is the leasing party, and the two parties sign a leasing contract. The lessor shall provide qualified containers to the lessee for use within the agreed scope. Container leasing, there are a variety of different ways in the world, including: trip leasing, time leasing, demand leasing and navigation area.
7. Container Handling Terminal
It is the specific handling department of container transportation, container or cargo loading and unloading exchangecustody. It is entrusted by the carrier or its agent to carry out the following business:
Exchange and custody of FCL freight;
If there is a container freight station, handle the transfer of LCL cargo;
Arrange the berthing of container ships, load and unload containers, and prepare stowage plans for each voyage;
Handling of processing of freight documents;
To compile and sign and inspect relevant documents relating to the import, export and circulation of the means of transport used by containers;
Handle the inspection and maintenance of containers, transport vehicles and loading and unloading tools, as well as the cleaning and fumigation of empty containers;
Sending, receiving, storing and keeping empty containers;
Arrange the stacking of empty and heavy containers in the yard, and prepare the site allocation plan;
Other related business work.
The container handling area generally consists of a dedicated dock, front, storage yard, freight station, control tower, repair department, gate and office. Sometimes a transfer station such as a storage yard or freight station can extend to the inner city of 5-15 km.
8. marshallingyard
It refers to the place where containers are temporarily stacked in front of the container terminal in order to speed up ship loading and unloading operations. Its function is: when the container ship arrives at the port, the export containers are neatly stacked according to the stowage requirements in a planned order, and the import containers are temporarily stacked in front of the dock when the ship is unloaded to speed up the loading and unloading operation of the ship.
9. containeryard
A place where heavy or empty containers are handed over, kept and stored. Some countries do not divide the container yard into the front yard or the rear yard, collectively referred to as the yard. The storage yard behind the container is a component of the container handling area. It is the place for the transfer of the full container cargo in the "field to site" handover mode of container transportation (in fact, it is transferred at the "gate" of the container unloading area).
10. vanpool
A special site for the collection, storage, storage or handover of empty containers. It is designed for use when there is a shortage of container handling areas or storage yards at transfer stations. This kind of storage yard does not handle the transfer of heavy containers or goods. It can be operated separately, or it can be set up outside the district by the container handling area. In some countries, the operation of such empty container storage yards requires a declaration to the Conference of Shipping.
11. Transit or road station (containerdepotorinlanddepot)
A transfer station or distribution center for container transportation outside the seaport. Its role is the same as the container handling area business, except for the loading and unloading operations without container dedicated ships. The measurement of transit stations or inland stations, including urban transit stations at container handling ports, inland cities and inland ports.
12. Container Cargo Station (CFS)
The place for handling the handover of the ship and the cargo for packing and unpacking LCL cargo. Carriers in a port or inland city can only entrust one container freight station operator. By it on behalf of the carrier to handle the following main business: LCL cargo tally and delivery;
If there is any discrepancy in the appearance inspection of the goods, make annotations;
Matching stowage and packing of LCL cargo;
The unpacking and storage of imported unpacking goods;
Seal and issue station receipts on behalf of the carrier;
Handle various documents and preparation, etc.
13. shipper'sliabilities'
The shipper should have responsibility in container transport, which is not exactly the same as the traditional maritime aspects. LCL shippers have the same responsibilities as traditional sea freight. FCL shipper's responsibilities are different from traditional transport:
The correctness and completeness of the shipping information provided shall be ensured;
The carrier has the right to check the goods contained in the box, and the costs incurred for such checking shall be borne by the shipper;
The shipper shall bear the expenses incurred by the Customs or other authorities for opening the container for inspection and the resulting damage or loss of goods;
If the container is not satisfied, or poor padding, improper stowing, or loading of goods not suitable for container transport, resulting in damage to the cargo, the shipper shall be responsible;
If the shipper's own unseaworthy container is used, the shipper shall be responsible for any damage caused to the cargo;
The shipper shall be liable for damages to the property or life of third parties caused by the use of the carrier's containers and equipment.
14. limitsofliability
The maximum amount of compensation to be borne by the carrier if the goods are damaged or damaged during container transport. The limitation of liability for LCL shipments is the same as for conventional shipments. According to some international jurisprudence at present, if the bill of lading does not specify the number of goods in the box, each box shall be regarded as a claim calculation unit; If the bill of lading specifies the number of packages in the box, the number of packages shall still be counted; If the damage or loss of the goods occurs not by sea but in inland transport, the maximum amount of compensation for land transport shall apply; If the container is owned or supplied by the shipper, the liability for loss or damage is indeed the carrier's and shall be considered as a unit of claim.
15. uniformliabilitysystem
A compensation liability system for the cargo damage liability of the combined transport operator. According to this system, the carrier that issues the bill of lading is uniformly responsible for the whole transportation of the cargo owner, that is, no matter which stage of transportation the cargo damage occurs, it is responsible for the same content of responsibility. If the stage of carriage in which the damage occurred can be ascertained, the through carrier may, after making compensation, seek compensation from the actual carrier of the carriage in that section.
16. Network Responsibility System
A compensation liability system for the cargo damage liability of the combined transport operator. According to this system, although the carrier who issues the bill of lading is still responsible for the whole carriage of the goods, the compensation for the damage is not as the same liability system, but according to the content of the liability at the stage of transport where the damage occurred. For example, if the damage occurs in the stage of carriage by sea, it is handled in accordance with international freight regulations; If it occurs at the stage of rail or road transport, it shall be dealt with in accordance with the relevant international or domestic law.
1. container
The so-called container refers to a large loading container with certain strength, stiffness and specifications for turnover. The use of container transport goods, can be loaded directly in the shipper's warehouse, shipped to the consignee's warehouse unloading, halfway to change the car, ship, without taking out the goods from the box for loading. According to the type of goods loaded, there are general cargo containers, bulk cargo containers, liquid cargo containers, reefer containers, etc. According to the manufacturing materials, there are wood containers, steel containers, aluminum alloy containers, glass steel containers, stainless steel containers, etc. According to the structure, there are folding containers, fixed containers, etc., in the fixed container can also be divided into closed containers, open top containers, plate frame containers, etc.; According to the total weight, there are 30 tons of containers, 20 tons of containers, 10 tons of containers, 5 tons of containers, 2.5 tons of containers.
2. Outside the container (container size 'soverallexternaldimensions)
The maximum length, width and height of the container exterior, including the permanent accessories of the container. It is the main parameter to determine whether the container can be changed between the ship, chassis, freight car and railway vehicle. It is an important technical data that all transportation departments must master.
3. container's Internaldimensions
Maximum length, width, and height dimensions inside a container. The height is the distance from the bottom panel to the bottom of the top panel, the width is the distance between the two inner lining panels, and the length is the distance between the inner panel of the door and the end wall lining panel. It determines the maximum size of the container and the contents of the container.
4. container'sunobstructedcapacity
The loading capacity calculated by the dimensions inside the container. The same specification of containers, due to the difference in structure and manufacturing materials, its internal volume is slightly different. Container content volume is an important technical data that the material department or other packers must master.
5.Container calculation units (twenty-feetequivalentunits)
Also known as 20-foot conversion unit, it is a conversion unit for calculating the number of container boxes. At present, most container transportation in various countries uses two kinds of containers, 20 feet and 40 feet long. In order to unify the calculation of the number of containers, the 20-foot container is taken as one unit of calculation, and the 40-foot container is taken as two units of calculation to facilitate the unified calculation of the operating volume of containers.
6. containerleasing
That is, a business in which the owner rents empty boxes to users. The owner of the container is the leasing party of the container, and the user, generally the shipping company or the owner of the cargo, is the leasing party, and the two parties sign a leasing contract. The lessor shall provide qualified containers to the lessee for use within the agreed scope. Container leasing, there are a variety of different ways in the world, including: trip leasing, time leasing, demand leasing and navigation area.
7. Container Handling Terminal
It is the specific handling department of container transportation, container or cargo loading and unloading exchangecustody. It is entrusted by the carrier or its agent to carry out the following business:
Exchange and custody of FCL freight;
If there is a container freight station, handle the transfer of LCL cargo;
Arrange the berthing of container ships, load and unload containers, and prepare stowage plans for each voyage;
Handling of processing of freight documents;
To compile and sign and inspect relevant documents relating to the import, export and circulation of the means of transport used by containers;
Handle the inspection and maintenance of containers, transport vehicles and loading and unloading tools, as well as the cleaning and fumigation of empty containers;
Sending, receiving, storing and keeping empty containers;
Arrange the stacking of empty and heavy containers in the yard, and prepare the site allocation plan;
Other related business work.
The container handling area generally consists of a dedicated dock, front, storage yard, freight station, control tower, repair department, gate and office. Sometimes a transfer station such as a storage yard or freight station can extend to the inner city of 5-15 km.
8. marshallingyard
It refers to the place where containers are temporarily stacked in front of the container terminal in order to speed up ship loading and unloading operations. Its function is: when the container ship arrives at the port, the export containers are neatly stacked according to the stowage requirements in a planned order, and the import containers are temporarily stacked in front of the dock when the ship is unloaded to speed up the loading and unloading operation of the ship.
9. containeryard
A place where heavy or empty containers are handed over, kept and stored. Some countries do not divide the container yard into the front yard or the rear yard, collectively referred to as the yard. The storage yard behind the container is a component of the container handling area. It is the place for the transfer of the full container cargo in the "field to site" handover mode of container transportation (in fact, it is transferred at the "gate" of the container unloading area).
10. vanpool
A special site for the collection, storage, storage or handover of empty containers. It is designed for use when there is a shortage of container handling areas or storage yards at transfer stations. This kind of storage yard does not handle the transfer of heavy containers or goods. It can be operated separately, or it can be set up outside the district by the container handling area. In some countries, the operation of such empty container storage yards requires a declaration to the Conference of Shipping.
11. Transit or road station (containerdepotorinlanddepot)
A transfer station or distribution center for container transportation outside the seaport. Its role is the same as the container handling area business, except for the loading and unloading operations without container dedicated ships. The measurement of transit stations or inland stations, including urban transit stations at container handling ports, inland cities and inland ports.
12. Container Cargo Station (CFS)
The place for handling the handover of the ship and the cargo for packing and unpacking LCL cargo. Carriers in a port or inland city can only entrust one container freight station operator. By it on behalf of the carrier to handle the following main business: LCL cargo tally and delivery;
If there is any discrepancy in the appearance inspection of the goods, make annotations;
Matching stowage and packing of LCL cargo;
The unpacking and storage of imported unpacking goods;
Seal and issue station receipts on behalf of the carrier;
Handle various documents and preparation, etc.
13. shipper'sliabilities'
The shipper should have responsibility in container transport, which is not exactly the same as the traditional maritime aspects. LCL shippers have the same responsibilities as traditional sea freight. FCL shipper's responsibilities are different from traditional transport:
The correctness and completeness of the shipping information provided shall be ensured;
The carrier has the right to check the goods contained in the box, and the costs incurred for such checking shall be borne by the shipper;
The shipper shall bear the expenses incurred by the Customs or other authorities for opening the container for inspection and the resulting damage or loss of goods;
If the container is not satisfied, or poor padding, improper stowing, or loading of goods not suitable for container transport, resulting in damage to the cargo, the shipper shall be responsible;
If the shipper's own unseaworthy container is used, the shipper shall be responsible for any damage caused to the cargo;
The shipper shall be liable for damages to the property or life of third parties caused by the use of the carrier's containers and equipment.
14. limitsofliability
The maximum amount of compensation to be borne by the carrier if the goods are damaged or damaged during container transport. The limitation of liability for LCL shipments is the same as for conventional shipments. According to some international jurisprudence at present, if the bill of lading does not specify the number of goods in the box, each box shall be regarded as a claim calculation unit; If the bill of lading specifies the number of packages in the box, the number of packages shall still be counted; If the damage or loss of the goods occurs not by sea but in inland transport, the maximum amount of compensation for land transport shall apply; If the container is owned or supplied by the shipper, the liability for loss or damage is indeed the carrier's and shall be considered as a unit of claim.
15. uniformliabilitysystem
A compensation liability system for the cargo damage liability of the combined transport operator. According to this system, the carrier that issues the bill of lading is uniformly responsible for the whole transportation of the cargo owner, that is, no matter which stage of transportation the cargo damage occurs, it is responsible for the same content of responsibility. If the stage of carriage in which the damage occurred can be ascertained, the through carrier may, after making compensation, seek compensation from the actual carrier of the carriage in that section.
16. Network Responsibility System
A compensation liability system for the cargo damage liability of the combined transport operator. According to this system, although the carrier who issues the bill of lading is still responsible for the whole carriage of the goods, the compensation for the damage is not as the same liability system, but according to the content of the liability at the stage of transport where the damage occurred. For example, if the damage occurs in the stage of carriage by sea, it is handled in accordance with international freight regulations; If it occurs at the stage of rail or road transport, it shall be dealt with in accordance with the relevant international or domestic law.
