Container definition and classification
Date: 2024-09-14
Definition of container
container refers to a container used to load goods when the sea, land and air transport modes are combined. Hong Kong calls it "cargo box". Taiwan calls it a "container." On the definition of container, different countries, regions and organizations in the world have different expressions.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines a container as follows:
The container is a kind of transportation equipment; Has sufficient strength, can be used repeatedly for a long time; Specially designed to facilitate the transport of goods in one or more modes of transport without the need for intermediate reloading; Having devices for rapid handling and handling, especially when transferring from one mode of transport to another; Designed to facilitate loading or unloading of goods; The content volume is 1 cubic meter or more.
The meaning of the term container does not include the general packaging of vehicles.
Classification of containers
There are many types of containers used to transport goods, from small folding containers for transporting household items to 40-foot standard containers, as well as air containers. Only the types of international freight containers commonly used in maritime transport are introduced here.
Classification by use
Containers are generally divided into:
(1) Universal dry cargo container This container is also known as a general cargo container, which is used to transport groceries without temperature control. Its use is very wide, according to 1983 statistics, the world's 3 million containers, grocery containers accounted for 85%, about 2.54 million. Such containers are usually enclosed with a door at one end or side. This kind of container is usually used to carry cultural supplies, chemical supplies, electronic machinery, crafts, medicine, daily necessities, textiles and instrument parts. This is the most commonly used container. All types of solid bulk, granular or pulverized goods that are not affected by temperature changes can be shipped in such containers.
(2) thermal container they are in order to transport need to be refrigerated and heat preservation of the goods. Containers with all box walls insulated by materials with low thermal conductivity can be divided into the following three types:
① ReeferContainer It is based on the transportation of frozen food, can maintain the temperature of the thermal container. It is specially designed for the transportation of food such as fish, meat, fresh fruits, vegetables and so on. At present, the refrigerated containers used in the world are basically divided into two kinds: one is the mechanical refrigerated container with a refrigerator in the container; The other box has no freezer and only heat insulation structure, that is, the container end wall is provided with air intake and air outlet, the box is packed in the cabin, and the cold air is supplied by the ship's freezing device, this is called clutch refrigerated container (also known as external or clamped refrigerated container).
②It is a container with sufficient insulation structure for carrying fruits, vegetables and other goods to prevent the temperature from rising too much to maintain the freshness of the goods. It is usually used for ice as refrigerant, and the holding time is about 72 hours.
③ VentilatedContainer It is a container with ventilation holes on the end wall and side wall for the shipment of fruits, vegetables and other goods that do not need to be frozen. If the vents are closed, it can also be used as a general cargo container.
(3) TankContainer It is dedicated to the shipment of alcohol, oil (such as animal and vegetable oil), liquid food and chemicals and other liquid cargo container. It can also carry other liquid dangerous goods. This kind of container has a single tank and a number of cans, and the four corners of the tank are composed of pillars and struts to form the overall frame. Due to the larger side wall strength, it is generally loaded with relatively dense bulk cargo such as malt and chemicals, and the latter is used to load relatively dense grains. The loading port at the top of the bulk container should be provided with a watertight cover to prevent rain from invading the box.
(5) Shelf container It is no box top and side walls, and even the end wall is removed, and only the bottom plate and four corner columns of the container. This container can be loaded and unloaded from front to back, left to right and above, suitable for loading large and heavy cargo, such as heavy machinery, steel, steel pipe, wood, steel ingot and so on. The shelf type container is not watertight, and the goods that are afraid of water wet can not be shipped, or the shipment is covered with canvas.
(6) Platform container This container is a special structural container that is simplified on the shelf container and only retains the bottom plate. Length and width of the platform. The bottom of the container is the same size as the international standard container, and the same fasteners and lifting devices can be used as other containers. The adoption of this container breaks the concept that containers must have a certain volume in the past.
(7) Open top container This is a container without a rigid box top, but has a canopy made of canvas, plastic sheet or coated plastic cloth supported by a collapsible or collapsible top beam, and other components are similar to general purpose containers. This kind of container is suitable for loading large goods and heavy goods, such as steel, wood, especially fragile heavy goods such as glass plates, and it is not easy to damage the box by lifting it from the top by the crane, and it is also easy to fix in the box.
(8) Car container It is a special container for the transportation of small cars, which is characterized by a steel frame on the bottom of the simple box, usually without the box wall (including the end wall and side wall). This kind of container is divided into two kinds: single and double. Because the height of the car is 1.35 meters to 1.45 meters, if installed in 8 feet (2; 438 meters) in the standard container, its volume to waste more than 2/5. Hence the double-decker container. The double-decker container comes in two sizes: one 10.5 feet (3.2 meters) tall and one twice as tall as 8.5 feet. Therefore, car containers are generally not international standard containers.
(9) animal container shipment this is a chicken, duck, goose, live poultry and cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and other livestock live with container. In order to protect the sun, the top of the box is made of plywood open cover, and the sides and ends are made of aluminum mesh Windows for good ventilation. The side wall is provided with a cleaning outlet and a drainage outlet, and is equipped with a sliding door that moves up and down to clean out the garbage. There is also a feeding port. Animal containers on the ship should generally be installed on the deck, because the deck air circulation, easy to clean and care for.
(10) Clothing container This container is characterized by a number of horizontal bars in the upper side of the box, each bar hanging a number of belt buckle, nylon belt buckle or rope, clothing using the hook on the hanger, directly hung on the buckle or rope. This clothing loading method belongs to non-packaging transportation, which not only saves packaging materials and packaging costs, but also reduces manual labor and improves the transportation quality of clothing.
container refers to a container used to load goods when the sea, land and air transport modes are combined. Hong Kong calls it "cargo box". Taiwan calls it a "container." On the definition of container, different countries, regions and organizations in the world have different expressions.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines a container as follows:
The container is a kind of transportation equipment; Has sufficient strength, can be used repeatedly for a long time; Specially designed to facilitate the transport of goods in one or more modes of transport without the need for intermediate reloading; Having devices for rapid handling and handling, especially when transferring from one mode of transport to another; Designed to facilitate loading or unloading of goods; The content volume is 1 cubic meter or more.
The meaning of the term container does not include the general packaging of vehicles.
Classification of containers
There are many types of containers used to transport goods, from small folding containers for transporting household items to 40-foot standard containers, as well as air containers. Only the types of international freight containers commonly used in maritime transport are introduced here.
Classification by use
Containers are generally divided into:
(1) Universal dry cargo container This container is also known as a general cargo container, which is used to transport groceries without temperature control. Its use is very wide, according to 1983 statistics, the world's 3 million containers, grocery containers accounted for 85%, about 2.54 million. Such containers are usually enclosed with a door at one end or side. This kind of container is usually used to carry cultural supplies, chemical supplies, electronic machinery, crafts, medicine, daily necessities, textiles and instrument parts. This is the most commonly used container. All types of solid bulk, granular or pulverized goods that are not affected by temperature changes can be shipped in such containers.
(2) thermal container they are in order to transport need to be refrigerated and heat preservation of the goods. Containers with all box walls insulated by materials with low thermal conductivity can be divided into the following three types:
① ReeferContainer It is based on the transportation of frozen food, can maintain the temperature of the thermal container. It is specially designed for the transportation of food such as fish, meat, fresh fruits, vegetables and so on. At present, the refrigerated containers used in the world are basically divided into two kinds: one is the mechanical refrigerated container with a refrigerator in the container; The other box has no freezer and only heat insulation structure, that is, the container end wall is provided with air intake and air outlet, the box is packed in the cabin, and the cold air is supplied by the ship's freezing device, this is called clutch refrigerated container (also known as external or clamped refrigerated container).
②It is a container with sufficient insulation structure for carrying fruits, vegetables and other goods to prevent the temperature from rising too much to maintain the freshness of the goods. It is usually used for ice as refrigerant, and the holding time is about 72 hours.
③ VentilatedContainer It is a container with ventilation holes on the end wall and side wall for the shipment of fruits, vegetables and other goods that do not need to be frozen. If the vents are closed, it can also be used as a general cargo container.
(3) TankContainer It is dedicated to the shipment of alcohol, oil (such as animal and vegetable oil), liquid food and chemicals and other liquid cargo container. It can also carry other liquid dangerous goods. This kind of container has a single tank and a number of cans, and the four corners of the tank are composed of pillars and struts to form the overall frame. Due to the larger side wall strength, it is generally loaded with relatively dense bulk cargo such as malt and chemicals, and the latter is used to load relatively dense grains. The loading port at the top of the bulk container should be provided with a watertight cover to prevent rain from invading the box.
(5) Shelf container It is no box top and side walls, and even the end wall is removed, and only the bottom plate and four corner columns of the container. This container can be loaded and unloaded from front to back, left to right and above, suitable for loading large and heavy cargo, such as heavy machinery, steel, steel pipe, wood, steel ingot and so on. The shelf type container is not watertight, and the goods that are afraid of water wet can not be shipped, or the shipment is covered with canvas.
(6) Platform container This container is a special structural container that is simplified on the shelf container and only retains the bottom plate. Length and width of the platform. The bottom of the container is the same size as the international standard container, and the same fasteners and lifting devices can be used as other containers. The adoption of this container breaks the concept that containers must have a certain volume in the past.
(7) Open top container This is a container without a rigid box top, but has a canopy made of canvas, plastic sheet or coated plastic cloth supported by a collapsible or collapsible top beam, and other components are similar to general purpose containers. This kind of container is suitable for loading large goods and heavy goods, such as steel, wood, especially fragile heavy goods such as glass plates, and it is not easy to damage the box by lifting it from the top by the crane, and it is also easy to fix in the box.
(8) Car container It is a special container for the transportation of small cars, which is characterized by a steel frame on the bottom of the simple box, usually without the box wall (including the end wall and side wall). This kind of container is divided into two kinds: single and double. Because the height of the car is 1.35 meters to 1.45 meters, if installed in 8 feet (2; 438 meters) in the standard container, its volume to waste more than 2/5. Hence the double-decker container. The double-decker container comes in two sizes: one 10.5 feet (3.2 meters) tall and one twice as tall as 8.5 feet. Therefore, car containers are generally not international standard containers.
(9) animal container shipment this is a chicken, duck, goose, live poultry and cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and other livestock live with container. In order to protect the sun, the top of the box is made of plywood open cover, and the sides and ends are made of aluminum mesh Windows for good ventilation. The side wall is provided with a cleaning outlet and a drainage outlet, and is equipped with a sliding door that moves up and down to clean out the garbage. There is also a feeding port. Animal containers on the ship should generally be installed on the deck, because the deck air circulation, easy to clean and care for.
(10) Clothing container This container is characterized by a number of horizontal bars in the upper side of the box, each bar hanging a number of belt buckle, nylon belt buckle or rope, clothing using the hook on the hanger, directly hung on the buckle or rope. This clothing loading method belongs to non-packaging transportation, which not only saves packaging materials and packaging costs, but also reduces manual labor and improves the transportation quality of clothing.
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